www.perpetualcommotion.com
"Give with a free hand, but give only your own."
 -- J.R.R. Tolkien The Children of Hurin
- Curcumin -

Lots of good info about curcumin here:
Margaret's Corner: MY DISCOVERY OF CURCUMIN
http://margaret.healthblogs.org/life-with-myeloma/discovery-of-curcumin/
[Look for the many links to the related pages about curcumin in the column
on right hand side of her page, under the "pages" heading.]

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Curcumin (Turmeric extract)

See also Curcumin, Copper, Vitamin D

[Need more info-- Read in Reader's Digest-- villages in India where there is a low incidence of AD.  Could be a genetic thing, like the villages in Italy where heart disease is rare.]

Some observations on the spectrum of dementia
Neurology India, Year: 2004 Volume: 52  Issue: 2  Page: 213-214
Sanjeev Jha, R Patel
Department of Neurology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India

A study was designed to generate epidemiological and clinical data on dementia, in a teaching hospital in India. It was conducted on 124 (94 male and 30 female) elderly patients (aged more than 60 years) presenting with clinical syndrome of dementia (DSM-3). Their age range was 64-78 (mean 65.7 4.1) years. Detailed clinical, biochemical, radiological and electrophysiological evaluation was done to establish etiology. Patients with psychiatric ailments, cranial trauma and tumors were excluded. The study period was 4.2 years. Multi-infarct dementia (MID) was observed to be commonest cause of dementia and was present in 59 (47.6%) cases. There were 10 (8%) patients each of tuberculosis (TB) and neurocysticercosis (NCC). Alcohol-related dementia was present in 13 (10.5%), while malnutrition (Vitamin B12 deficiency) was present in 9 (7.2%). Alzheimer's Disease (AD) was present (NINCDS-ADRDA criteria) in 6 patients (4.8%). There were 3 (2.4%) cases 1 each of Huntington's disease, Parkinson's and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and 2 each of diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and Creutzfeldt' Jakob Disease. We conclude that AD, which is irreversible and common in the west, is relatively uncommon in India as compared to MID, infections and malnutrition, which are potentially treatable.
http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2004;volume=52;issue=2;spage=213;epage=214;aulast=Jha

A report in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, February 18, 2005 uses the phrase "disaggregated" amyloid-β fibrils.  Does this mean it disolved amyloid-β?

From Wikipedia:  Little curcumin is absorbed.  Co-supplementation with 20mg piperine (extract of black pepper, a.k.a. Bioperine) increased absorption by 2000%.  However, peperine can interfere with the metabolism of other drugs, and should be taken with caution, if at all.  I'm leaning toward not using peperine.

Curcumin is also a potent iron and copper chelator.

In a study using mice, low-dose curcumin was found to enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
See, Curcumin stimulates proliferation of embryonic neural progenitor cells and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus.  High dose levels were found to be "cytotoxic": "Curcumin exerted biphasic effects on cultured NPC - low concentrations stimulated cell proliferation, whereas high concentrations were cytotoxic."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18362141?dopt=Abstract

There are anectdotal reports that 500mg of curcumin twice per day will "normalize" high blood pressure.  Those who are on blood pressure medications for high blood pressure should be aware of the possibility of overmedication should this effect of curcumin develop.

Effect on TNF-Alpha:

I know that curcumin is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, so I searched Google on curcumin and TNF. I found research papers saying that curcumin inhibited TNF, and some that said that it "sensitized" cancer cells to TNF (which I guess is a good thing). Here's and example:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4P-3YVDRW0-6P&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=7a734d2000776a9f4ca641b1bd4aae02


Scientists ID possible biomarker to gauge Alzheimer's prognosis, effect of therapies
University of California - Los Angeles
17-Mar-2011
...They incubated the immune cells overnight with amyloid beta to test the cells' ability to "turn on" MGAT3. They also added a synthetic form of curcumin to some of the cells to gauge the effect it had on MGAT3 expression and the absorption of amyloid beta.

Based on the results, the researchers identified three groups of Alzheimer's patients.

Type 0 patients: This group had very low expression of MGAT3 and very low absorption rates of amyloid beta.

Type I patients: This group also had low expression of MGAT3 and low amyloid beta absorption rates, but the strength of the MGAT3 message and the absorption of amyloid beta increased when researchers stimulated the macrophages with synthetic curcumin.

Type II patients: This group initially had high amyloid beta absorption rates, but when scientists added synthetic curcumin, MGAT3 expression lessened and absorption was reduced.

In addition, researchers found that for Type I and Type II patients, the clearing of amyloid beta was dependent on vitamin D3, a type of vitamin D that occurs naturally in these cells. When they blocked vitamin D3 use by the macrophages in the laboratory, they found that absorption of amyloid beta suffered.

"These findings demonstrate three very different levels of immunity and possible reactions to natural therapies of vitamin D3 and curcumin," Fiala said. "These differences could point to a new way to track the progression of Alzheimer's disease and the effectiveness of these natural therapies based on an individual patient's immunity."

Fourteen of the 20 Alzheimer's disease patients have been followed for two years, and researchers noted that those who were Type 0 had a worse two-year prognosis regarding the loss of their ability to live independently than the other two types of patients... During the study, researchers also noted that one Type II patient who underwent hip surgery experienced temporary cognitive dysfunction related to the general surgery anesthesia, which is a phenomenon that can occur. Researchers checked the patient's MGAT3 immunity and found that the patient's ability to clear amyloid beta had declined after surgery but improved in later months, along with cognitive function, possibly due to the vitamin D3 supplementation the patient had undertaken...
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-03/uoc--sip031711.php

Common Yellow Lab Dye Profoundly Extends Lifespan in Healthy Nematodes, and Slows Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in Worms

ScienceDaily (Mar. 30, 2011) — Basic Yellow 1, a dye used in neuroscience laboratories around the world to detect damaged protein in Alzheimer's disease, is a wonder drug for nematode worms. In a study appearing in Nature, the dye, also known as Thioflavin T (ThT)... Alavez said curcumin, the active ingredient in the popular Indian spice turmeric, also had a significant positive impact on both healthy worms and those bred to express a gene associated with Alzheimer's. "People have been making claims about the health benefits of curcumin for many years. Maybe slowing aging is part of its mechanism of action,"...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110330131258.htm

Reference: Silvestre Alavez, Maithili C. Vantipalli, David J. S. Zucker, Ida M. Klang, Gordon J. Lithgow. Amyloid-binding compounds maintain protein homeostasis during ageing and extend lifespan. Nature, 2011


Evaluation of local drug-delivery system containing 2% whole turmeric gel used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis: A clinical and microbiological study.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011 Jan;15(1):35-8.
Behal R, Mali AM, Gilda SS, Paradkar AR.
SourceDepartment of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Abstract

AIM: To compare the effect of experimental local-drug delivery system containing 2% whole turmeric (gel form) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) with the effect achieved using SRP alone by assessing their respective effects on plaque, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing pocket depth, relative attachment levels and trypsin-like enzyme activity of "red complex" microorganisms, namely, Bacteroides forsythus, Porphvromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty subjects with chronic localized or generalized periodontitis with pocket depth of 5 to 7 mm were selected in a split-mouth study design. Control sites received SRP alone, while experimental sites received SRP plus experimental material (2% whole turmeric gel). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment loss (RAL), microbiological study of collected plaque sample for trypsin-like activity of "red complex" by BAPNA assay were the parameters recorded on day 0, 30 days and 45 days.

RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant reduction in PI, GI, SBI, PPD; and gain in RAL. Significant reduction in the trypsin-like enzyme activity of "red complex" (BAPNA values) was observed for both the groups when compared to the baseline activity. Greater reduction was seen in all the parameters in the experimental group in comparison to the control group.

CONCLUSION: The experimental local drug-delivery system containing 2% whole turmeric gel can be effectively used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing and is more effective than scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of periodontal pockets.
PMID:21772719[PubMed - in process] PMCID: PMC3134044
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772719
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3134044/?tool=pubmed

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Feline Lymphoma
Back in May of this year (2010), our little 16 year old Siamese kitty started having trouble breathing.  It was quite apparent that whatever her problem was, it was in her nose.  After a couple of expensive trips to the vet and a specialist, a biopsy of a mass in her sinus cavity above the soft palate was positive for T-cell lymphoma.  We immediately started giving her the steroid prednisolone.  I also remembered reading that curcumin was being investigated for combating human cancers.  A quick check of the Internet revealed that it is also being investigated for treating feline cancers.  We started giving our kitty 500mg of Jarrow brand curcumin (turmeric extract) divided into three doses.  At the point we started all of this, she wasn't eating.  All we could do is get her to drink a few teaspoons of Wiskas' kitty milk.  It took a while, but her appetite has returned.  She's gained back all the weight she lost, and then some.  We don't know how long it will last, but as of this date, August 22, 2010, she's doing fine.  Since we didn't even expect her to make it to July 4, this has indeed been a pleasant surprise. We also don't know if her apparent remission is due to the curcumin, the steroid, or a combination of both.  I think it is the latter.

Here is some more info on feline lymphoma...

Lymphoma in Cats
http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=1446

Curcumin for Cats
http://margaret.healthblogs.org/2007/10/11/curcumin-for-cats/

Intestinal Cancer and Curcumin for Dogs
http://www.dogcancerblog.com/intestinal-cancer-and-curcumin-for-dogs/

Spice derivative could prove useful in feline cancer therapy
http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/dvm/Feline+Center/Spice-derivative-could-prove-useful-in-feline-canc/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/622362

Status update:  October 9, 2010 The cat is still doing fine.  She seems to be healthier than she has for the past couple of years.  She has gained weight.  She used to have coughing spells.  That's pretty much stopped.  Also, she had been throwing up quite often for the past several years.  She hasn't been doing this since the lymphoma symptoms subsided.

Status update:  December 10, 2010 The cat is still doing fine.  We took her off of the steroid prednisolone for a while.  She started having "coughing" fits again, and threw up a couple of times.  Since we put her back on it, this cleared up.  We're still giving her 500mg of curcumin in her food, divided in three parts throughout the day.

Status update:  February 26, 2011
The cat is still doing fine on the prednisolone & curcumin regimen.  She still has a fast heartbeat and probably poor kidney function, but the lymphoma still has not returned.  If she makes it to May, it will have been 1 year since diagnosis.  If I remember correctly, treating feline lymphoma with steroids (like prednisolone) alone, expected survival time is only several weeks.  If she makes it to July, she will be 17.  That's a ripe old age for a Saimese.

Status update:  March 26, 2011 We took the cat to the vet today because she hasn't been eating as much as she should.  The vet thinks that her kidney function has gotten worse.  Don't know what to do about that.  However, there isn't any obvious sign of a return of the lymphoma.  We'll get results of blood work next week.

Status update:  April 9, 2011 The test results from the vet are that her kidney function is not worse than it was a year ago, but not good.  No obvious sign of lymphoma returning, so we are treating her for renal falure.  Standard therapy is injections of 100ml of saline solution once a week.  This seems to really perk her up and she starts eating again.  So, as far as the curcumin goes, I think it is a success.  Now I need to find out what to do to help with the kidney function.

Status update:  August 1, 2011 Still going.  Kidney problems are getting worse, but still managable.  We have to give her fluid injections (~150ml under the skin) every week.  We've cut back on both the prednisolone curcumin.  Prednisolone every other day, and about 250mg of curcumin in her food per day. From what I've read, we should only have expected 6 to 8 months with using prednisolone alone.  Combination
chemotherapies are expected to give maybe 20 months.  So, even if this works as well as those much more expensive options, we will be doing good.

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HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus, Cold Sore Virus)

Curcumin inhibits herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity.
Virology. 2008 Apr 10;373(2):239-47. Epub 2008 Jan 14.
Kutluay SB, Doroghazi J, Roemer ME, Triezenberg SJ.

Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Abstract

Curcumin, a phenolic compound from the curry spice turmeric, exhibits a wide range of activities in eukaryotic cells, including antiviral effects that are at present incompletely characterized. Curcumin is known to inhibit the histone acetyltransferase activity of the transcriptional coactivator proteins p300 and CBP, which are recruited to the immediate early (IE) gene promoters of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by the viral transactivator protein VP16. We tested the hypothesis that curcumin, by inhibiting these coactivators, would block viral infection and gene expression. In cell culture assays, curcumin significantly decreased HSV-1 infectivity and IE gene expression. Entry of viral DNA to the host cell nucleus and binding of VP16 to IE gene promoters was not affected by curcumin, but recruitment of RNA polymerase II to those promoters was significantly diminished. However, these effects were observed using lower curcumin concentrations than those required to substantially inhibit global H3 acetylation. No changes were observed in histone H3 occupancy or acetylation at viral IE gene promoters. Furthermore, p300 and CBP recruitment to IE gene promoters was not affected by the presence of curcumin. Finally, disruption of p300 expression using a short hairpin RNA did not affect viral IE gene expression. These results suggest that curcumin affects VP16-mediated recruitment of RNA polymerase II to IE gene promoters by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity.

PMID: 18191976 [PubMed]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18191976
Free full Text: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668156/?tool=pubmed


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Brain Injury/Stroke

Compound Derived from Curry Spice Is Neuroprotective Against Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury

ScienceDaily (Dec. 15, 2010) — A synthetic derivative of the curry spice turmeric, made by scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, dramatically improves the behavioral and molecular deficits seen in animal models of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI)... One compound, called CNB-001, which was derived from curcumin, the active ingredient in the spice turmeric, proved highly neuroprotective in all of the assays; it also enhanced memory in normal animals...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101215092254.htm


New Hybrid Drug, Derived from Common Spice, May Protect, Rebuild Brain Cells After Stroke
Released: 2/8/2011 8:00 AM EST
Source: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
....The scientists created a new molecule from curcumin, a chemical component of the golden-colored spice turmeric, and found in laboratory experiments that it affects mechanisms that protect and help regenerate brain cells after stroke. Research scientist Paul A. Lapchak, Ph.D., director of Translational Research in the Department of Neurology at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, [presented] these findings at the American Heart Association International Stroke Conference in Los Angeles on Wednesday, Feb. 9... The new curcumin-hybrid compound—CNB-001—does not attack clots but instead repairs stroke damage at the molecular level that feed and support the all-important brain cells, neurons...
http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/573199/
 

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Updated: December 21, 2010
Inception: August 17, 2010