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- Lion's Mane Mushroom -
General Information:
Names:
Wikipedia entry:
Dr. Ray Shahelien entry:
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Observations:
See also BDNF
Neurogenesis
From the Alz.org messag board
thread "Anyone
on Lion's Mane Mushroom?"
The Anti-Dementia effect of Lion's
Mane mushroom and its clinical application - Hericium erinaceum
- Lion's Mane
Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, April, 2004 by Hirokazu
Kawagishi, Cun Zhuang, Ellen Shnidman
Our research
on components of Lion's Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceum) and
their biological activities in cell culture is a case where
positive antidementia results in the laboratory have been
confirmed by analogous results in human use. In this article, we
will introduce both the results from the laboratory and their
clinical application... One of the major new approaches to the
study of treatments for Alzheimer's disease concerns the search
for agents that stimulate Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) production in
the brain. NGF is part of a family of proteins that play a role in
the maintenance, survival and regeneration of neurons during adult
life... We have been engaged in a study to search for NGF
synthesis-promoting agents in medicinal mushrooms since 1991. We
discovered a class of benzyl alcohol and chroman derivatives in
the fruit body of Lion's Mane mushroom called the hericenones C-H
that stimulate NGF production from mouse astroglial cells in
culture...
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ISW/is_249/ai_114820665/
Here's a
study about another mushroom with a very similar scientific name.
Lion's Mane is Hericium erinaceum. Yamabushitake is Hericium
erinaceus. Hmm...
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
Phytother. Res. 23, 367–372 (2009)
Published online 10 October 2008 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2634
Improving Effects of the Mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium
erinaceus) on Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Double-blind
Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Koichiro Mori1*, Satoshi Inatomi1, Kenzi Ouchi1, Yoshihito Azumi1
and Takashi Tuchida2
1Mushroom Laboratory, Hokuto Corporation, 800-8, Shimokomazawa,
Nagano, 381-0008, Japan
2Isogo Central and Neurosurgical Hospital, 1-16-26, Mori, Isogoku,
Yokohama, 235-0023, Japan
A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial was
performed on 50- to 80-year-old Japanese men and women diagnosed
with mild cognitive impairment in order to examine the efficacy of
oral administration of Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus), an
edible mushroom, for improving cognitive impairment, using a
cognitive function scale based on the Revised Hasegawa Dementia
Scale (HDS-R). After 2 weeks of preliminary examination, 30
subjects were randomized into two 15-person groups, one of which
was given Yamabushitake and the other given a placebo. The
subjects of the Yamabushitake group took four 250 mg tablets
containing 96% of Yamabushitake dry powder three times a day for
16 weeks. After termination of the intake, the subjects were
observed for the next 4 weeks. At weeks 8, 12 and 16 of the trial,
the Yamabushitake group showed significantly increased scores on
the cognitive function scale compared with the placebo group. The
Yamabushitake group’s scores increased with the duration of
intake, but at week 4 after the termination of the 16 weeks
intake, the scores decreased significantly. Laboratory tests
showed no adverse effect of Yamabushitake.
The results obtained in this study suggest that Yamabushitake is
effective in improving mild cognitive impairment.
http://www.saferemedies.com/downloads/Hericeum_Erinaceus_Clinical_Trial.pdf
Neurotrophic
factors are essential to maintain and organize neurons
functionally; thereby neurotrophic factor-like substances or their
inducers are expected to be applied to the treatment of
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In the
present study, we firstly examined the effects of ethanol extracts
of four edible mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake),
Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and
Agaricus blazei (Himematsutake), on nerve growth factor (NGF) gene
expression in 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells. Among the four
mushroom extracts, only H. erinaceus extract promoted NGF mRNA
expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition,
secretion of NGF protein from 1321N1 cells was enhanced by H.
erinaceus extracts, and the conditioned medium of 1321N1 cells
incubated with H. erinaceus extract enhanced the neurite outgrowth
of PC12 cells. However, hericenones C, D and E, constituents of H.
erinaceus, failed to promote NGF gene expression in 1321N1 cells.
The enhancement of NGF gene expression by H. erinaceus extracts
was inhibited by the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor
SP600125. In addition, H. erinaceus extracts induced
phosphorylation of JNK and its downstream substrate c-Jun, and
increased c-fos expression, suggesting that H. erinaceus promotes
NGF gene expression via JNK signaling. Furthermore we examined the
efficacy of H. erinaceus in vivo. ddY mice given feed containing
5% H. erinaceus dry powder for 7 d showed an increase in the level
of NGF mRNA expression in the hippocampus. In conclusion, H.
erinaceus contains active compounds that stimulate NGF synthesis
via activation of the JNK pathway; these compounds are not
hericenones.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18758067
It was found that an exo-biopolymer (M.W. 1,000,000, molar ratio
of 1.5:1.7:1.2:0.6:0.9, glucose:galactose:xylose:mannose:fructose,
purity 99%) purified from the liquid culture broth of Hericium
erinaceus mycelium enhanced the growth of rat adrenal nerve cells.
The polymer also improved the extension of the neurites of PC12
cell. Its efficacy was found to be higher than those from known
nerve growth factors such as Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and
Brain-Derived Nerve Factor (BDNF). The effect of two
standards has not been observed above 0.1 (mg l(-1)) of
supplementation; however, the polymer did show the effect of cell
growth and neurite extension at up to 1.0 (mg l(-1)) of addition.
While the polymer improved both cell growth and neurite extension,
NGF and BDNF did only outgrowth of the neurites. Maximum cell
density and length of the neurites were observed as 1.5x10(5)
(viable cells ml(-1)) and 230 mum, respectively in adding 0.8 (mg
l(-1)) of the biopolymer for 8 days cultivation. The control
growth was observed only as 1.2x10(5) (viable cell ml(-1)) of
maximum cell density and 140 mum of maximum length, respectively.
It was also confirmed that the polymer reacted with the nerve
cells within 30 min after adding the sample, compared to 80 min in
adding two other growth factors. Number of neurite-bearing cells
remained relatively steady in adding the polymer even when the
cell growth started to be decreased. It was interesting that the
polymer effectively delayed apoptosis of PC12 cells by
dramatically reducing the ratio of apoptotic cells to 20% from 50%
of the control.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003308
Here's a couple of links to
websites that sell the mushroom either in powdered or extract
form. This is information only, no endorsement should be
inferred. I don't know enough yet about which is better. The
clinical trials mentioned above used 5 grams of the whole dried
mushroom once a day, in a soup for the patients so I imagine
either way is good. The real erinacine extract isn't available yet
and with that patent lock on it, may never be as an over the
counter drug.
http://www.cordycepsreishiextracts.com/lions_mane_mushroom_extract.htm
http://www.sunfood.com/buy/1/8/433/Lion-s-Mane--Mushroom-Science--90-veg-caps--300-mg--All-Natural/1297.aspx
http://www.swansonvitamins.com/SW1096/ItemDetail
http://www.alohamedicinals.ca/hericium.htm
http://www.mushroomharvest.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=36_39&products_id=102
http://www.mushroomharvest.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=36_40&products_id=222
Here's a website that explains the difference in water vs alcohol extract.
http://www.cordycepsreishiextracts.com/quality_difference.htm
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Known sources:
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Natural sources:
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References:
Lion's Mane: A Mushroom That
Improves Your Memory and Mood?
Posted: 08/08/2012 8:28 am
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paul-stamets/mushroom-memory_b_1725583.html
Hericenone C, D and E, stimulators of nerve growth
factor (NGF) synthesis from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum.
Kawagishi, H.,
Ando, M., Sakamoto, H., Yoshida S., Ojima, F., Ishiguro, Y.,
Ukai, N., Fukukawa, S.
1991. Tetrahedron Lett 32, 4561-4564.
Hericenones and erinacines: stimulators of nerve
growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis in Hericium erinaceus.
Ma, Bing-Ji ,
Jin-Wen Shen, Hai-You Yu, Yuan Ruan, Ting-Ting Wu & Xu Zhao,
2010. Mycology: An International Journal on Fungal Biology.
1(2): 92-98.
Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake
(Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double
blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial.
Mori, K., Inatomi,
S., Ouchi, K. Azumi, Y and Tuchida T.
2009. Phytother Res. 23:367-372.
Effects of Hericium
erinaceus on amyloid β(25-35) peptide-induced learning and
memory deficits in mice.
Mori, K., Obara,
Y., Moriya, T., Inatomi, S., Nakahata, N.
2011. Biomed Res. 32(1):67-72.
Reduction
of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake.
Nagano, M., Shimizu, K., Kondo, R., Hayashi, C., Sato, D.,
Kitagawa, K., Ohnuki, K.
2010. Biomed Res. 31(4):231-7.
Notes on nutritional
properties of culinary-medicinal mushrooms.
Stamets, P.,
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2005; 7:109-116.
The role of biomarkers in
clinical trials for Alzheimer disease.
Thal, L.J.,
Kantarci, K., Reiman, E.M., Klunk, W.E., Weiner, M.W.,
Zetterberg, H., Galasko, D., Praticò, D., Griffin, S., Schenk,
D., Siemers, E.
2006. 20(1):6-15.
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Preface Brain Failure Notes Notes II
References pg. 1 References pg. 2
Nutritional Alternatives
Patricia's Protocol
Tauopathy
Discussion
Forum
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Updated: July 2, 2012
Inception: July 2, 2012